War, what is it good for? Absolutely nothing, war! Sang Edwin Starr. Someone may ask themselves that same question. How can something responsible for colossal damage and death have anything good to do with it? Well, the fact is that technology has shared a rather intimate relationship with war.
Great technological advancements have happened during the world’s most infamous wars. As conflict raged in World War I from 1914 to 1918 in much of the world many new types of weapons were unearthed. Behind this were many supporting technologies in radio and electrical power and electronics. Electrical technologies that had been in development at the turn of the century were drawn upon. Radio, for example, became essential for communications. The electron tube, as oscillator and amplifier, made possible transmission of voice rather than code. Electricity also made a huge impact on the war. Battleships made use of electric signaling lamps, an electric helm indicator, electric fire alarms, remote control—from the bridge—of bulkhead doors, electrically controlled whistles, and remote reading of water level in the boilers. Electric power turned guns and turrets and raised ammunition from the magazines up to the guns. Searchlights—both incandescent and carbon-arc—became vital for nighttime navigation, for long-range daytime signaling, and for illuminating enemy ships in night engagements.
There was continued development during the interwar years of 1940-1945, some developed as the war ended and some in response to what had transpired in World War I. A vast array of technology was employed, as different nations and different units found themselves equipped with different levels of technology. Military technology developments spanned across all areas of industry.
In World War II emphasis was placed on the development of electronics for military use. Radar was greatly improved and in 1944 the first large electronic digital computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer), was built. The main purpose of the computer being to speed up the calculation of tables of data for aiming artillery. The electronics industry emerged from the war as a major industry. Its growth following the war continued as television manufacturing entered a boom period and military programs demanded more advanced electronic technology.
The internet now the world's first information source started as a cold war project. The idea was devised by the Department of Defense (DOD) in the US. Initially it was created so that officials would have a way of communication, in case of being hit by a nuclear bomb. The internet was supposed to survive the attack, as it consists of a network of interconnected computers. The idea was that as long as the computers exist, the connections should exist. In the 1969, the U.S. government created ARPANET, connecting four western universities and allowing researchers to use the mainframes of any of the networked institutions. New connections were soon added to the network, bringing the number of "nodes" up to 23 in 1971, 111 in 1977, and up to almost 4 million in 1994. The network developed and grew to reach 550 users in 1981 and 940 users in 1984. A craze then hit America with running wild with ideas of how it should be used and how to develop it. As the size of the network grew so did its capabilities. In its first 25 years, the Internet added features such as file transfer, email, Usenet news, and eventually HTML.
The fear of war and the need for readiness in the event of war continues to drive technological development. Weird, huh? the things that can be related but war is never desirable.
------------------------------------ktlus,Bsc ELE III